Fundamental
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The fundamental is the lowest and primary frequency of a complex sound. It defines the perceived pitch of the sound. Even when a sound contains many harmonics (higher multiples of the base frequency), it’s the fundamental that forms the tonal foundation. For example, in a tone at 440 Hz (A3), 440 Hz is the fundamental, with harmonics layered above. In music production, isolating or enhancing the fundamental helps achieve clarity, tuning accuracy, and low-end strength.
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